What is Religious Freedom?

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The ability to seek the truth about God and live according to our beliefs has been an essential part of American order from the beginning. No other nation has such robust protection of religious freedom. It didn’t start perfectly, nor is it perfect today, but James Madison described it as an inalienable right. The Declaration of Independence recognizes these rights as endowed by the Creator. The Constitution and other legal protections reflect the importance of religious freedom to America.

This freedom to live according to vastly different religious beliefs has allowed men and women of different faiths to live, work, learn, and worship peacefully side by side. This is the way that we see it now. But in class, we have been talking about the reformers and how things were early on because this concept of religious freedom is not something that came without blood, sweat, and tears.

If Martin Luther or the other reformers were among us today with their sixteenth-century viewpoint intact, they would be shocked that many look to them as a force that helped to create a society that gives freedom to all manner of religions, sects, heretics, and “nones.”

Like other leaders of the Reformation, he wasn’t concerned with religious liberty, he was attempting to get his own version of Christianity accepted as the “true” religion. He wouldn’t have thought of tolerating heretics and infidels. As we’ve seen in England and all over Europe, there was a terrible conflict between these new Protestant sects and Catholicism.

For over a century after Luther launched the Reformation, there was open warfare between different versions of Christianity. Even after the fighting stopped people continued to be imprisoned, tortured and sometimes executed over their religious beliefs and practices. It would be nearly two centuries before any kind of established religious freedom would be recognized in the American colonies.

Here’s the question: “If the result of the Reformation was more oppression, then how did religious freedom come about?

This is a big question, and there are a lot of opinions out there. I’d love to hear what you think. But I’ll give a reason that seem obvious to me.

Tolerance and Freedom Worked

Consider having spent your whole life looking over your shoulder due to your religious beliefs, and then finding yourself in one of the early hopes of freedom and tolerance such as the Netherlands or the colonies of Pennsylvania or Rhode Island. Imagine the sense of relief that the new arrivals must have felt.

Those that advocated religious persecution claimed that they were protecting society from the chaos that would happen if people could follow their own consciences. The kind of chaos that we see at the end of the book of Judges when “Everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” But as the early outposts of religious freedom proved to be at least as politically stable as anywhere else, people had to ask themselves what was to be gained by imprisoning, torturing or executing people just for having different opinions?

Finally, while people such as Luther and other early reformers demonstrated the courage to stand up for their ideas, other people also demonstrated the quiet courage that is necessary to allow people to go unmolested while promoting radically different views. This form of courage was exemplified by such people as Roger Williams and William Penn, the founders of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania respectively, who intended their colonies to be sanctuaries for the liberty of conscience. Upholding the rights of others is as vital to a free society as Luther’s determination to stand up for his own beliefs.

For this and many other reasons, religious freedom became increasingly popular, part of the Constitution of the United States, enshrined in the basic laws of many other nations and a part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by most countries.

Let me know what religious freedom means to you. What other reasons can you think of that religious tolerance and freedom began to spread?

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